Austria

Between one set of politicians who hoped to "busy giddy minds of foreign quarrels" and another who felt an evangelical summons to free all of Europe from all its nobility and kings, Revolutionary France picked a war with Austria in 1792.

That war went on, by fits and starts, for the next twenty-four years.  It ended in 1815 with Austria–usually defeated, but endlessly stubborn–among the victors.  Ample British subsides had helped, but it was too often overlooked that–except for Austria's calculated intervention in 1813–Napoleon probably would have brought both Prussia and Russia once more to heel.

Austria was a haphazard collection of differing people, each with its own language and institutions; its Army was the strongest unifying force, and so no Austrian commander dared risk the Army's complete destruction–better to accept defeat, and wait for another opportunity.

The Austrian soldier was generally reputed solid, tough, and disciplined,  if seldom enthusiastic.  On the whole he probably was better than his officers.  His weapons were good–the French considered Austrian muskets equal to their own.  He did have a prejudice in favor of regular rations, and was seldom gentle with enemy civilians, but many historians have not given him his due.  His service as a French ally in 1812 was highly capable–probably the best Austrian performance of this period.​

John Elting (Napoleon's Uniforms, Volume IV, page 375)